Entomopathogenic Steinernema riobrave is a warm adapted nematode species that uses an intermediate foraging strategy that lie between the ambush “sit and wait” strategy and cruise strategy to find and infect its both the mobile/sedentary insects at the soil surface or immobile stages deep in the soil and after infection, it uses its symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus cabanillasii (Tailliez et al., 2006) to kill insect hosts.
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New entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema australe from an island Isla Magdalena /
New entomopathogenic nematode and its symbiotic bacteria
Based on both the morphological and molecular characteristics, an entomopathogenic Steinernematid nematode isolated from a soil sample collected from Chilean island, Isla Magdalena has been identified as a new species, Steinernema australe (Edgington et al., 2009). This nematode is also symbiotically associated with symbiotic bacteria called Xenorhabdus magdalenensis, which was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and a multigene approach (Tailliez et al., 2012).
Literature
Edgington, S., Buddie, A.G., Tymo, L., Hunt, D.J., Nguyen, K.B., France, A.I., Merino, L.M. and Moore, D. 2009. Steinernema australe n. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Isla Magdalena, Chile. Nematology 11: 699-717.
Tailliez, P., Pages, S., Edgington, S., Tymo, L.M. and Buddie, A.G. 2012. Description of Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with Steinernema australe. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62: 1761-1765.
We know now where infective juveniles store their symbiotic bacteria /
It has been always reported that the infective juveniles of Steinernema spp. carry their symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus spp. in a special intestinal vesicle (Bird and Akhurst, 1983) whereas the infective juveniles of Heterorhabdits spp. carry their symbiotic bacteria, Photorhabdus spp. in the anterior part of the intestine (Boemare et al., 1996) and release them in the body cavity of their insect hosts.
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